DEIB Glossary
A
AAPI
- Definition: An acronym for Asian Americans & Pacific Islanders, representing a diverse group of cultures, languages, and histories.
- Source: Asian & Pacific American Heritage Month
Ableism
- Definition: The belief that disabled individuals are inferior to non-disabled individuals, leading to discrimination and oppression of individuals with disabilities and physical differences.
- Source: Understanding ableism and negative reactions to disability
Abolition
- Definition: Abolition involves dismantling systems, practices, or institutions that perpetuate inequality and harm, such as prisons, jails, police, courts, and surveillance. It also focuses on establishing systems rooted in dignity, care, and non-punitive accountability. The vision of abolition encompasses creating alternatives to punishment and imprisonment, fostering a society that upholds justice and equity.
- Source: Prison Abolition: From Naïve Idealism to Technological Pragmatism
Accessibility
- Definition: Accessibility refers to the design, development, and implementation of environments, products, services, and information in ways that allow all individuals, including those with disabilities, to fully participate and engage. This includes physical accessibility in buildings, transportation, and public spaces, as well as digital accessibility in websites, software, and electronic documents.
- Source: Accessibility for All Abilities: How Universal Design, Universal Design for Learning, and Inclusive Design Combat Inaccessibility and Ableism
Accomplice(s)
- Definition: An accomplice in social justice work is someone who actively works to disrupt and dismantle systemic oppression and discrimination by directly challenging institutionalized racism, colonization, and white supremacy. Accomplices take risks and use their privilege to block or impede racist policies and structures, often working alongside marginalized communities.
- Source: Moving from Ally to Accomplice: How Far Are You Willing to Go to Disrupt Racism in the Workplace?
Accountability
- Definition: Refers to the ways in which individuals and communities hold themselves to their goals and actions, acknowledging the values and groups to which they are responsible. Accountability requires visibility, transparency, commitment, and a sense of urgency.
- Source: Peer Reviewed: Institutional Reform to Promote Antiracism: A Tool for Developing an Organizational Equity Action and Accountability Plan
ADHD/ADD
- Definition: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by symptoms such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior. While ADHD includes hyperactivity, ADD is primarily characterized by inattentiveness and distractibility without hyperactivity.
- Source: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Advocate
- Definition: Someone who speaks up for themselves and members of their identity group, often working to promote their rights and interests.
- Source: A conceptual framework for culturally appropriate advocacy with racialized groups
Affinity Groups
- Definition: A collection of individuals with similar interests or goals promoting inclusion, diversity, and mutual support.
- Source: Cultivating sacred spaces: a racial affinity group approach to support critical educators of color
African American
- Definition: Refers to Americans of African descent, encompassing a rich cultural heritage and diverse experiences.
- Source: Social Studies View Article
Ageism
- Definition: Ageism refers to prejudiced thoughts and discriminatory actions based on age, which can affect both younger and older individuals. It involves stereotypes, myths, and biases that lead to discrimination and marginalization of people based on their age, whether they are perceived as too old or too young.
- Source: Ageism and Psychological Well-Being Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Ally
- Definition: A person who supports and stands up for members of another group, often involving actions to dismantle systems of oppression.
- Source: Engaging in Authentic Allyship as Part of Our Professional Development
AANAPISI (Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institution)
- Definition: AANAPISIs are federally recognized colleges and universities that serve a significant number of Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander students, constituting at least 10% of the student population. These institutions are committed to addressing the unique cultural, educational, and social needs of their students through dedicated programs and services. AANAPISIs focus on promoting cultural awareness, providing academic support, and fostering a sense of community among students.
- Source: Building Capacity AANAPISI
Androgyny
- Definition: Rejecting traditional gender roles entirely, often embodying a blend of both masculine and feminine characteristics.
- Source: 21st Century Neo-Androgyny: What Is Androgyny Anymore and Why We Should Still Care
Anti-Black
- Definition: Marginalizing Black people and their issues while voiding Blackness of value through overt racism and systemic inequities.
- Source: Anti-Black
Anti-Racism
- Definition: Anti-Racism refers to the policy or practice of actively opposing racism by advocating for changes in political, economic, and social life. Antiracism involves challenging and changing systems, organizational structures, policies, practices, and attitudes to promote racial equity.
- Source: Who Identifies as Anti-Racist? Racial Identity, Color-Blindness, and Generic Liberalism
Anti-Racist
- Definition: Someone supporting antiracist policies through actions or expressing ideas that racial groups are equals.
- Source: Who Identifies as Anti-Racist? Racial Identity, Color-Blindness, and Generic Liberalism
Anti-Semitism
- Definition: Fear, hatred, or discrimination against Jews and Judaism.
- Source: Antisemitic Attitudes Across the Ideological Spectrum
APIDA
- Definition: APIDA stands for Asian Pacific Islander Desi American, a term used to represent a diverse group of individuals with heritage from Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Indian subcontinent. This pan-ethnic classification intentionally includes South Asians (Desi) as part of the broader community to promote inclusivity and recognition of their unique experiences and contributions.
- Source: AANAPISIs as Sites for Community-Responsive Approaches to Education
Asian-American
- Definition: Individuals in the U.S. with origins in Asia or the Indian subcontinent, representing a diverse range of cultures and experiences.
- Source: The Asian American Experience: Highlights from our focus groups
Asperger’s Syndrome
- Definition: Asperger's Syndrome is a condition on the autism spectrum affecting social interaction and nonverbal communication, alongside restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. Individuals with Asperger's typically have average or above-average intelligence and may not have significant delays in language or cognitive development.
- Source: The Autism Experience | Autism Society
Asianness
- Definition: Refers to the cultural, social, and political identity and lived experiences of individuals and communities of Asian descent, encompassing a wide diversity of languages, traditions, and histories across the Asian continent. Asianness includes the shared and varied experiences of diaspora communities, particularly in relation to immigration, adaptation, and the negotiation of identity within multicultural societies. It also involves challenging stereotypes and monolithic perceptions of Asian identity while embracing the rich cultural heritage and contributions of Asian communities globally.
- Source: Locating Asianness in the Transnational Field
Assigned Sex
- Definition: The physical sex determined at birth based on primary sex characteristics.
- Source: Differentiating sex and gender in health research to achieve gender equity
Assimilation
- Definition: The process by which individuals or groups are absorbed into the dominant culture, often losing aspects of their original identity.
- Source: Assimilation, Integration or Inclusion? A Dialectical Perspective on the Organizational Socialization of Migrants
Autism
- Definition: Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech, and nonverbal communication. People with autism often have unique strengths and differences, and the ways in which they experience and express these characteristics can vary widely.
- Source: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) | Autism Speaks
B
Belonging
- Definition: Belonging is the experience of being accepted and included by those around you. It means having a sense of social connection and identification with others.
- Source: Belonging: A Review of Conceptual Issues, an Integrative Framework, and Directions for Future Research
Bias
- Definition: Prejudice; an inclination or preference, especially one that interferes with impartial judgment.
- Source: Bias in bias recognition: People view others but not themselves as biased by preexisting beliefs and social stigmas
Bigotry
- Definition: An unreasonable or irrational attachment to negative stereotypes and prejudices.
- Source: Challenging bigotry in the Freirean classroom: International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education
Biracial
- Definition: A person who identifies as coming from two races. A person whose biological parents are of two different races.
- Source: Developing a sense of belonging among biracial individuals: a case study exploring the social context
Bisexual
- Definition: A romantic, sexual, and/or emotional attraction toward people of all sexes. A person who identifies as bisexual is understood to have attraction to male and female-identified persons, as well as non-binary and other identifiers. It is not restricted to only cisgender identifiers.
- Source: A Qualitative Examination of Bisexual Identity Invalidation and its Consequences for Wellbeing, Identity, and Relationships
BIPOC
- Definition: Black, Indigenous, People of Color. A term commonly used to describe individuals who are not considered white.
- Source: An Antiracist Research Framework: Principles, Challenges, and Recommendations for Dismantling Racism Through Research
Black
- Definition: Any various populations that have dark pigmentation of skin who identify as Black, including those in the African Diaspora and within Africa. Should be capitalized.
- Source: Black Cultural Strengths and Psychosocial Well-Being: An Empirical Analysis With Black American Adults
Blackness
- Definition: Refers to the cultural, social, and political identity and lived experiences of Black individuals and communities, particularly those of African descent. It encompasses the shared history, struggles, and achievements of Black people, as well as the unique expressions of culture, resistance, and resilience that arise from navigating systemic racism and oppression. Blackness also involves the celebration of African heritage, pride, and contributions to global culture, while confronting the complexities of racial identity and intersectionality in a world that often marginalizes Black voices and experiences.
- Source: The Paradoxical Implications of Blackness and the U.S. Constitution: The Intersectionality of King’s “I Have a Dream” Speech and Educational Inequalities
Brave Space
- Definition: Honors and invites full engagement from folks who are vulnerable while also setting the expectation that there could be an oppressive moment that the facilitator and allies have a responsibility to address.
- Source: Creating Brave Spaces within and through Student-Faculty Pedagogical Partnerships
C
Categorization
- Definition: The cognitive process of grouping and labeling people, things, etc., based on their similarities. Categorization becomes problematic when the groupings become oversimplified and rigid (e.g., stereotypes).
- Source: The Development of Social Categorization
Capital
- Definition: Capital refers to the various forms of resources and assets that individuals and groups possess, which can include economic, social, cultural, and symbolic capital. In educational contexts, Yosso's concept of "community cultural wealth" identifies different types of capital that marginalized communities utilize to survive and thrive.
- Source: Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth
Centering Blackness
- Definition: Considering the Black experience as unique and foundational to shaping America’s economic and social policies. Centering Blackness demands that we create and design policies and practices that intentionally lift up and protect Black people. It allows for a completely different worldview to emerge, free from the constraints of white supremacy and patriarchy.
- Source: Dismantling Anti-Blackness in Teacher Education: Centering Black Epistemologies to (Re)Construct Elementary Language Arts Education for Linguistic and Racial Justice
Chicano/a/e
- Definition: Used to describe people of Mexican descent. This term should not be used to refer to people or cultures of other Latin American or Spanish-speaking countries.
- Source: Chicano/a History: Its Origins, Purpose, and Future
Cisgender
- Definition: A person who identifies as the gender they were assigned at birth.
- Source: The Imperative for Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Inclusion
Cissexism
- Definition: A discriminatory system that marginalizes people whose gender identity and/or expression do not align with the normative gender binary. It privileges those who conform to traditional gender norms through representation, policies, and practices. An example is denying transgender people the right to use bathrooms that align with their gender identity.
- Source: Systems of cissexism and the daily production of stress for transgender and gender diverse people
Classism
- Definition: Prejudiced thoughts and discriminatory actions based on a difference in socioeconomic status, income, or class; usually by upper classes against lower.
- Source: The Effects of Different Types of Classism on Psychological Outcomes: Preliminary Findings
Coalition
- Definition: A collection of different people or groups working toward a common goal.
- Source: The impact of coalition characteristics on outcomes in community-based initiatives targeting the social determinants of health: a systematic review
Colonization
- Definition: Colonization refers to the action or process of settling among and establishing control over indigenous people. It involves the invasion, dispossession, and subjugation of native populations, resulting in long-term inequalities. Modern colonization can include cultural assimilation, economic dependency, and legal frameworks maintaining unequal power dynamics.
- Source: Colonial Structures and Schooling
Color Blind
- Definition: The belief in treating everyone “equally” by treating everyone the same; based on the presumption that differences are by definition bad or problematic, and therefore best ignored (i.e., “I don’t see race, gender, etc.”).
- Source: Racial Color Blindness
Colorism
- Definition: A form of prejudice or discrimination in which people are treated differently based on the social meanings attached to skin color.
- Source: The Persistent Problem of Colorism: Skin Tone, Status, and Inequality
Conscious Bias (Explicit Bias)
- Definition: Refers to the attitudes and beliefs we have about a person or group on a conscious level. Much of the time, these biases and their expression arise as the direct result of a perceived threat. When people feel threatened, they are more likely to draw group boundaries to distinguish themselves from others.
- Source: Examining Implicit Biases of Pre-Service Educators Within a Professional Development Context
Critical Race Theory
- Definition: Critical race theory in education challenges the dominant discourse on race and racism as they relate to education by examining how educational theory, policy, and practice are used to subordinate certain racial and ethnic groups. There are at least five themes that form the basic perspectives, research methods, and pedagogy of critical race theory in education:
- The centrality and intersectionality of race and racism
- The challenge to dominant ideology
- The commitment to social justice
- The centrality of experiential knowledge
- The interdisciplinary perspective
- Source: Critical Race Theory: What It Is Not
Culture
- Definition: Culture is the pattern of daily life learned consciously and unconsciously by a group of people. These patterns can be seen in language, governing practices, arts, customs, holiday celebrations, food, religion, dating rituals, and clothing.
- Source: Cultures and Persons: Characterizing National and Other Types of Cultural Difference Can Also Aid Our Understanding and Prediction of Individual Variability
Cultural Appropriation
- Definition: The adoption or theft of icons, rituals, aesthetic standards, and behavior from one culture or subculture by another. It is generally applied when the subject culture is a minority culture or somehow subordinate in social, political, economic, or military status to the appropriating culture. This “appropriation” often occurs without any real understanding of why the original culture took part in these activities, often converting culturally significant artifacts, practices, and beliefs into “meaningless” pop-culture or giving them a significance that is completely different or less nuanced than they would originally have had.
- Source: Between Cultural Appreciation and Cultural Appropriation: Self-Authorizing the Consumption of Cultural Difference
Cultural Competency
- Definition: Refers to the ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures by understanding, respecting, and appropriately responding to the unique needs, values, and beliefs of diverse populations. It involves continuous learning and adaptation to cultural differences to provide equitable services and foster inclusive environments.
- Source: Practice-based knowledge perspectives of cultural competence in social work
Cultural Humility
- Definition: An approach to interpersonal relationships that emphasizes openness, self-awareness, and a lifelong commitment to learning and understanding cultural differences. It contrasts with cultural competence by focusing on humility rather than expertise. It requires an ongoing process of self-reflection and learning, and a respectful attitude towards others' cultural identities.
- Source: Rethinking Cultural Competence: Shifting to Cultural Humility
Cultural Racism
- Definition: Cultural racism refers to representations, messages, and stories conveying the idea that behaviors and values associated with white people or “whiteness” are automatically “better” or more “normal” than those associated with other racially defined groups. Cultural racism shows up in advertising, movies, history books, definitions of patriotism, and in policies and laws.
- Source: The Persistent Power of Cultural Racism
D
D.A.C.A (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals)
- Definition: An American immigration policy that allows some individuals who were brought to the United States as children, without legal authorization, to receive a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation and become eligible for a work permit. This policy aims to provide opportunities for young immigrants who have grown up in the U.S. to contribute to the country without the fear of deportation.
- Source: The Life-Course Timing of Legalization: Evidence from the DACA Program
Deaf and Hard of Hearing
- Definition: "Deaf" typically refers to individuals with significant hearing loss who use sign language and identify with Deaf culture. "Hard of Hearing" describes those with mild to moderate hearing loss who may use spoken language, hearing aids, or other assistive devices. Both groups have unique communication needs and cultural identities.
- Source: Supporting Equity and Inclusion of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Individuals in Professional Organizations
DEIB
- Definition: DEIB is an acronym that stands for Diversity, Equity, Inclusion & Belonging. This framework emphasizes the importance of creating environments where diverse individuals feel valued, have equal opportunities, are included in all aspects of society, and feel a sense of belonging.
- Source: Top-level leaders and implementation strategies to support organizational diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) interventions
Decolonization
- Definition: Decolonization is the active resistance against colonial powers and the process of reclaiming political, economic, educational, cultural, and psychological independence. It involves dismantling colonial structures and practices, and centering Indigenous perspectives and ways of knowing.
- Source: CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR: Knowledge, Power and Decolonization: Implication for Non-Indigenous Scholars, Researchers and Educators
Dialogue
- Definition: "Communication that creates and recreates multiple understandings” (Wink, 1997). Dialogue is a reciprocal process that encourages multiple viewpoints and can lead to greater understanding, even if it doesn't always result in agreement. It is characterized by respectful and open communication.
- Source: Critical Pedagogy: Notes from the Real World | Joan Wink
Diaspora
- Definition: Refers to the movement, whether voluntary or forced, of people from their homelands into new regions. It encompasses the experiences of people who live outside their ancestral territories, maintaining a connection to their heritage and influencing the cultures of their new homes.
- Source: Shuval article
Disability
- Definition: Any condition that significantly impacts a person's physical, sensory, cognitive, intellectual, or mental functioning. Disabilities can be present from birth or occur during a person's lifetime, and they can affect how individuals engage in daily activities. It is essential to recognize the diverse experiences and capabilities of people with disabilities.
- Source: Perspectives on the Meaning of “Disability” | Journal of Ethics
Disability Justice
- Definition: Disability justice recognizes that ableism is intertwined with other systems of domination, such as white supremacy and capitalism. It emphasizes that all bodies are unique and essential, and that power comes from the complexities of our bodies. This framework calls for addressing intersecting forms of oppression to achieve true equity.
- Source: Moving Toward Disability Justice | Disability Studies Quarterly
Dyslexia
- Definition: Dyslexia is a learning disability characterized by challenges with accurate and/or fluent word recognition, spelling, and decoding abilities. Despite these challenges, individuals with dyslexia often exhibit unique strengths, such as exceptional creative thinking, strong problem-solving skills, and innovative approaches. Recognizing and supporting these strengths, along with providing tailored educational strategies, can help foster an inclusive and empowering learning environment for those with dyslexia.
- Source: Defining and understanding dyslexia: past, present and future
Discrimination
- Definition: The unjust or prejudicial treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, sexual orientation, physical ability, religion, or socioeconomic status. It involves denying individuals fair treatment and opportunities in areas like employment, education, and housing.
- Source: The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets
Diversity
- Definition: Encompasses the range of differences among people, including race, ethnicity, gender, age, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, education, marital status, language, and physical appearance. It also involves varying ideas, perspectives, and values. Embracing diversity means recognizing and valuing these differences.
- Source: Diversity through equity and inclusion: The responsibility belongs to all of us
Domestic Partner
- Definition: Is either member of an unmarried, cohabiting, straight, or same-sex couple that seeks benefits typically available to spouses. This term recognizes the legitimacy and rights of committed partnerships outside of marriage.
- Source: The Continued Relevance of Domestic Partnerships in the Post-Obergefell United States
Dominant Culture
- Definition: Refers to the cultural values, beliefs, and practices that are considered the most influential and widely accepted within a society. These norms often shape societal structures and expectations, potentially marginalizing other cultural perspectives.
- Source: A Brief Note on Dominant Culture and Subculture
DREAMers
- Definition: Individuals who have lived in the United States without official authorization since arriving as minors. These individuals, named after the DREAM Act proposed in 2001, advocate for legal recognition and a pathway to citizenship, highlighting their contributions and ties to the U.S.
- Source: DREAMers and Their Double Standard of Living in the United States: A Contextual Perspective and Clinical Implications - PMC
E
EEO (Equal Employment Opportunity)
- Definition: This principle, part of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibits discrimination in any aspect of employment based on an individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The goal is to ensure fair treatment for all employees and job applicants.
- Source: Federal laws prohibiting job discrimination: questions and answers
Elder Oppression
- Definition: Elder oppression involves the systemic subordination and mistreatment of elders based on age. It includes restricted access to resources and opportunities, loss of voice, and limited participation in society. This subordination is supported by institutional structures, policies, and societal attitudes that prioritize the power of middle-aged adults.
- Source: Elder abuse and oppression: voices of marginalized elders
Environmental Justice
- Definition: A social movement and policy focus that seeks to ensure that all communities, particularly marginalized and vulnerable populations, have equal access to a healthy environment and are protected from environmental harms. It addresses the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on communities of color and low-income communities.
- Source: Disproportionate Exposures in Environmental Justice and Other Populations: The Importance of Outliers
Environmental Racism
- Definition: Refers to the systemic placing of toxic waste sites, landfills, and other polluting industries in or near communities of color, often without their consent, leading to disproportionate health and environmental hazards for these communities. It highlights the intersection of environmental issues and racial inequality.
- Source: “I Can’t Breathe”: Examining the Legacy of American Racism on Determinants of Health and the Ongoing Pursuit of Environmental Justice
Equality
- Definition: Equality refers to a state in which all people within a specific society or group have the same status and access to certain rights, including civil rights, freedom of speech, property rights, and equal access to social goods and services. It emphasizes treating everyone the same without considering individual differences.
- Source: Equality and Equity: Expanding Opportunities to Remedy Disadvantage
Equity
- Definition: Equity takes into consideration that social identifiers such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status affect equality. An equitable environment provides individuals or groups with the resources they need to achieve equal outcomes, which might not be identical to what others receive. Equity is both an ideal and a goal, focusing on fairness and justice in resource distribution.
- Source: Equality and Equity: Expanding Opportunities to Remedy Disadvantage
ESL/ELLA (English as a Second Language/English Language Learning Acquisition)
- Definition: ESL and ELLA refer to programs and strategies designed to help individuals who do not speak English as their first language to become proficient in English. These terms are used to describe both the process and the educational programs aimed at assisting English language learners.
- Source: ESL and ELL Program Effectiveness: Providing Academic Success for Students
Ethnicity
- Definition: A social construct that categorizes people into smaller social groups based on characteristics such as a shared sense of group membership, values, behavioral patterns, language, political and economic interests, history, and ancestral geographical base.
- Source: A NEW CONCEPTUALIZATION OF ETHNICITY FOR SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH
Ethnocentrism
- Definition: An attitude that views one’s own culture as superior or sees things primarily from the perspective of one's own ethnic group. This perspective can lead to a lack of understanding and appreciation for other cultures.
- Source: A cross-cultural comparison of ethnocentrism and the intercultural willingness to communicate between two collectivistic cultures
Euro-Centric
- Definition: The inclination to consider European culture as normative or superior. This term often carries awareness of the historical and ongoing oppressiveness of Eurocentric tendencies in U.S. and European societies.
- Source: Modern Colonialism, Eurocentrism and Historical Archaeology: Some Engendered Thoughts
F
Familismo/ Familism
- Definition: A cultural value prevalent among Latinx communities that emphasizes the importance of family connections, loyalty, and solidarity. Familismo prioritizes family over individual needs, and it includes a strong sense of obligation and responsibility towards one's immediate and extended family. This value influences various aspects of life, including social, economic, and educational decisions.
- Source: sp5602_05.pdf
Feminism
- Definition: The advocacy for equal rights and opportunities for all genders, focusing on addressing and dismantling systemic inequalities that women face.
- Source: DelmarFeminism.pdf
First Nation People
- Definition: Individuals who identify as the original inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere. This term encompasses Native Americans and other Indigenous peoples who have lived on these lands for generations.
- Source: Aborigine, Indian, indigenous or first nations?
Funds of Knowledge
- Definition: Funds of knowledge refer to the historically accumulated and culturally developed bodies of knowledge and skills essential for household or individual functioning and well-being. This concept acknowledges that all families, especially those from marginalized communities, possess valuable knowledge that can be harnessed for educational success. By integrating these funds of knowledge into the classroom, educators can create more inclusive and effective learning environments that recognize and build upon the strengths of all students.
- Source: Moll_Amanti_1992_Funds_of_Knowledge.pdf
G
Gay
- Definition: A person who is emotionally, romantically, or sexually attracted to members of the same sex.
- Source: American Psychological Association
Gaslighting
- Definition: A form of psychological manipulation in which a person or group covertly sows seeds of doubt in an individual, making them question their own memory, perception, or judgment, often leading to feelings of confusion, anxiety, and loss of self-trust.
- Source: The Sociology of Gaslighting
Gender
- Definition: Gender refers to the socially constructed characteristics, norms, behaviors, and roles associated with being a woman, man, girl, or boy, as well as relationships between these groups. As a social construct, gender varies across societies and cultures and can change over time. While traditionally represented by a binary model—woman/man or female/male—gender is actually a spectrum that includes a diverse range of identities beyond this binary framework.
- Source: What is gender, anyway: a review of the options for operationalising gender
Gender Expression
- Definition: The outward manifestation of gender, expressed through a person’s name, pronouns, clothing, haircut, behavior, voice, and body characteristics. Gender expression can vary and does not necessarily align with societal expectations of gender.
- Source: Daily gender expression is associated with psychological adjustment for some people, but mainly men
Gender Fluid
- Definition: A person whose gender identity is not fixed and may change over time or in different contexts. This fluidity reflects a spectrum of gender identities and expressions.
- Source: Gender Fluidity and Nonbinary Gender Identities Among Children and Adolescents
Gender Identity
- Definition: Your internal sense of self; how you relate to your gender(s).
- Source: Recent Work on Gender Identity and Gender
Gender-Inclusive Language
- Definition: Gender-inclusive language involves using words and phrases that do not discriminate against or exclude any gender. It respects and acknowledges all gender identities and expressions.
- Source: EJ1313111.pdf
Gender Non-Conforming
- Definition: A broad term referring to people who do not behave in a way that conforms to the traditional expectations of their gender, or whose gender expression does not fit into a category.
- Source: Gender nonconforming youth: current perspectives
Gender Queer
- Definition: Gender queer people typically reject notions of static categories of gender and embrace a fluidity of gender identity and often, though not always, sexual orientation. People who identify as “gender queer” may see themselves as both male or female aligned, neither male or female, or as falling completely outside these categories.
- Source: Non-binary and genderqueer: An overview of the field
Great Replacement
- Definition: The "Great Replacement" is a far-right conspiracy theory claiming that immigration policies are designed to replace a country’s white population with non-white individuals. This theory, often rooted in racism and antisemitism, fuels fears of demographic change and is used to justify extremist actions and policies.
- Source: The “Great Replacement” conspiracy: How the perceived ousting of Whites can evoke violent extremism and Islamophobia
H
Hate Crime
- Definition: A hate crime is defined as a criminal act committed against a person or property, motivated in whole or in part by the offender's bias against the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, disability, or sexual orientation of the victim.
- Source: Using Research to Improve Hate Crime Reporting and Identification
HBCU
- Definition: HBCU stands for Historically Black Colleges and Universities, institutions established primarily to serve the African American community post-American Civil War. These institutions now admit students of all races while continuing to focus on educational opportunities for Black students.
- Source: Learning from HBCUs: How to produce Black professionals in STEMM
Hegemony/Hegemonic
- Definition: Hegemony refers to the dominance of certain ideologies and power structures that shape societal norms and values. It involves maintaining power through cultural, social, and political means, often obscuring the underlying power dynamics.
- Source: The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities
Heterosexism
- Definition: The assumption that everyone is heterosexual and that heterosexuality is the only acceptable sexual orientation, leading to the marginalization of non-heterosexual people.
- Source: Trajectories of Internalized Heterosexism among Young Men who have Sex with Men
Heterosexual
- Definition: A person who is emotionally, romantically, or sexually attracted to individuals of a different sex.
- Source: What Does Heterosexuality Mean? Same-Sex Attraction, Behaviors, and Discomfort Among Self-identified Heterosexual Young Adults from Spain
Heteronormativity
- Definition: The assumption that heterosexuality is the norm and superior to all other sexual orientations. This assumption marginalizes non-heterosexual identities and enforces rigid gender norms.
- Source: Heteronormativity and the Justification of Gender Hierarchy: Investigating the Archival Data From 16 European Countries
Homophobia
- Definition: Homophobia is the fear, hatred, or discomfort towards homosexuality and other non-heterosexual identities. It includes a range of behaviors, feelings, and negative attitudes directed at individuals identified or perceived as LGBTQ+, resulting in discrimination, prejudice, and hostility.
- Source: Homophobia and mental health: a scourge of modern era
I
Implicit Bias
- Definition: Implicit biases, also called unconscious or hidden biases, are negative associations that individuals unknowingly hold. These biases operate automatically, without conscious awareness, influencing attitudes and actions. Despite individuals' lack of awareness, numerous studies demonstrate that implicit biases have significant real-world consequences on behavior and perceptions.
- Source: Implicit Bias
Inclusion
- Definition: Authentically bringing traditionally excluded individuals and/or groups into processes, activities, and decision/policy making in a way that shares power.
- Source: Principles of Inclusion, Diversity, Access, and Equity
Inclusive Language
- Definition: Inclusive language avoids expressions that exclude groups of people, aiming to be respectful, accurate, and relevant to everyone. It acknowledges diversity, shows respect, affirmation, and promotes equity, such as using "they" as a singular pronoun or "partner" instead of "husband" or "wife" to include all relationship types.
- Source: Inclusive Language Promotes Equity: The Power of Words
In-Group Bias (Favoritism)
- Definition: The tendency for groups to favor themselves by rewarding group members economically, socially, psychologically, and emotionally, uplifting one group over another.
- Source: Preferences and beliefs in ingroup favoritism
Indigeneity
- Definition: Indigeneity refers to the identity and experiences of the descendants of the original inhabitants of a region. These communities maintain cultural, social, and economic traditions distinct from the dominant society that colonized them.
- Source: Defining Decolonizing and Indigenizing
Indigenous People
- Definition: Individuals of specific cultural groups who live within or are attached to distinct traditional territories. They maintain social, economic, and cultural customs and traditions distinct from the dominant society.
- Source: Indigenous People and Environmental Policy
Indigenous Sovereignty
- Definition: Indigenous sovereignty is the inherent authority of Indigenous peoples to govern themselves and their territories according to their cultural, social, and legal systems. It exists independently of recognition by nation-states and is rooted in traditional knowledge and practices.
- Source: “Indigenous sovereignty” and right to self-determination in international law
Institutional Racism
- Definition: The policies and practices within institutions that create different outcomes for different racial groups, often advantaging white people while oppressing people of color.
- Source: Deconstructing institutional racism and the social construction of whiteness
Intercultural Competency
- Definition: The process of learning about and becoming allies with people from other cultures, thereby broadening understanding and ability to participate in a multicultural process. It requires respect for the ways others live in and organize the world and an openness to learn from them.
- Source: Intercultural Competencies in Higher Education: A Systematic Review
Inter-Group Conflict
- Definition: Tension and conflict that exist between social groups, which may be enacted by individual members of these groups.
- Source: The Psychology of Intergroup Conflict: A Review of Theories and Measures
Internalized Homophobia
- Definition: Refers to the negative attitudes and beliefs that LGBTQ+ individuals may internalize about themselves due to societal homophobia. This can lead to self-hatred, shame, and a lack of acceptance of one's own sexual identity.
- Source: Internalized Homophobia and Relationship Quality among Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals
Internalized Oppression
- Definition: It occurs when individuals within marginalized groups internalize and accept the negative stereotypes, prejudices, and lies about their own group. This process can lead to low self-esteem, self-doubt, and may manifest outwardly as fear, criticism, and distrust toward members of their own group.
- Source: Internalized Oppression: The Psychology of Marginalized Groups
Internalized Racism
- Definition: Refers to the internalization of racist beliefs by individuals from targeted racial groups, leading to beliefs that perpetuate racial stereotypes and inferiority/superiority dynamics. Examples include using skin-lightening products or perceiving white individuals as inherently more competent.
- Source: The Associations Between Internalized Racism, Racial Identity, and Psychological Distress
Intersectionality
- Definition: Is a framework that examines how multiple social identities, such as race, gender, and class, intersect and interact in individuals' lives and within social systems. This approach recognizes that these intersections produce unique and qualitative life experiences.
- Source: Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color
Intersex
- Definition: Is an umbrella term used to describe individuals born with reproductive or sexual anatomy and/or chromosome patterns that do not fit typical definitions of male or female.
- Source: Public Understanding of Intersex: An Update on Recent Findings
J
Justice
- Definition: Justice in the context of DEIB (Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion) refers to the fair and equitable treatment of all individuals, ensuring that everyone has access to the same opportunities and resources while addressing and correcting systemic imbalances and inequalities.
- Source: A Path Forward: Creating an Academic Culture of Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion
Justice-Oriented Pedagogy
- Definition: An educational approach that focuses on teaching students about social justice issues, encouraging critical thinking about inequalities and injustices, and fostering the skills needed to address and challenge these issues.
- Source: Critical and Social Justice Pedagogies in Practice
L
Land Acknowledgement
- Definition: A formal statement that recognizes and respects the Indigenous peoples as traditional stewards of the land on which a particular event or activity takes place. This practice involves acknowledging the enduring relationship between Indigenous peoples and their traditional territories, honoring their history and culture, and affirming their ongoing connection to the land.
- Source: Making Land Acknowledgements in the University Setting Meaningful and Appropriate
Latinidad
- Definition: Refers to the shared cultural, social, and historical experiences of Latinx people, emphasizing their diverse identities and connections across Latin America and the Caribbean. This term encompasses the varied cultural expressions, languages, traditions, and social practices within the Latinx community.
- Source: The Study of Latinidad: A Decolonial Approach
Latinx/o/a/e
- Definition: Terms used to describe individuals and cultures of Latin American descent. The variation in endings (x, o, a, e) reflects a commitment to inclusivity by accommodating different gender identities and expressions within the Latinx community.
- Source: To Latinx or Not to Latinx: A Question of Gender Inclusivity Versus Gender Neutrality
Lesbian
- Definition: A term for individuals who are women and are attracted to other women.
- Source: Prejudice, Social Stress, and Mental Health in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations
LGBTQIA2S+
- Definition: An acronym that encompasses the diverse groups of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, Two-Spirit, and all other queer identities represented by the “+”. The inclusion of “Two-Spirit” acknowledges Indigenous identities and their unique experiences.
- Source: Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Cardiovascular Research
Look-ism
- Definition: Prejudice or discrimination based on an individual’s appearance, including attributes like body size, facial features, and other physical characteristics.
- Source: Is Lookism Unjust?: The Ethics of Aesthetics and Public Policy Implications
Liberation
- Definition: The creation of communities, organizations, and systems characterized by equity and fairness. It involves ensuring that all individuals have access to resources and opportunities that support their full participation and humanity.
- Source: Liberation Psychology: Drawing on history to work toward resistance and collective healing in the United States
Liberatory Consciousness
- Definition: This concept involves developing an awareness and intentionality about living in oppressive systems without being confined by them. It includes awareness, analysis, acting, and accountability/allyship as key components to challenge and change oppressive structures.
- Source: Liberatory Consciousness Development
Liberatory Practices
- Definition: Strategies and actions aimed at dismantling oppressive systems and promoting equity and justice. These practices include creating inclusive environments, fostering critical thinking, and advocating for systemic change to ensure marginalized voices and experiences are recognized and valued.
- Source: Exploring Liberatory Practices of Dreamkeepers
Language Justice
- Definition: Language justice involves creating spaces where all people can communicate in their preferred languages and accents, challenging the dominance of Standard American English and addressing the silencing and dehumanization caused by linguistic discrimination.
- Source: Towards an Index of Linguistic Justice
M
Marginalization
- Definition: A social process in which individuals or groups are systematically excluded from accessing power and resources, rendering them less visible or valued within society. This exclusion affects their ability to fully participate in social, economic, cultural, and political spheres. Marginalized groups may face exclusion based on factors such as race, ethnicity, religion, gender, age, disability, or economic status.
- Source: Overcoming Marginalization by Creating a Sense of Belonging
Medical Model
- Definition: A framework that views disabilities and health conditions primarily as problems within an individual, often focusing on diagnosis, treatment, and cure. This model tends to emphasize pathology and deficit, sometimes overlooking the social and environmental factors that contribute to an individual's experience. In contrast, holistic approaches, such as the social model of disability, emphasize the importance of societal change and accommodation to support individuals' well-being.
- Source: Changing the Medical Model of Disability to the Normalization Model of Disability
Mental Health
- Definition: Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing how individuals think, feel, and act. It affects how people handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Good mental health is more than just the absence of mental illness; it is vital for overall well-being and quality of life. Ensuring access to mental health care and promoting practices that support mental health are crucial for fostering a healthy community.
- Source: Mental Health Prevention and Promotion—A Narrative Review
Microaggressions
- Definition: Commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory racial slights. These interactions can be verbal (e.g., saying "You speak English so well"), nonverbal (e.g., clutching a purse more tightly around people of certain racial or ethnic backgrounds), or environmental (e.g., using Native American mascots). Such behaviors often reflect implicit biases and stereotypes and can contribute to a culture of exclusion and discrimination.
- Source: Language Matters: Considering Microaggressions in Science
Micro-Insults
- Definition: Subtle verbal or nonverbal communications that convey rudeness or insensitivity, demeaning a person's racial or cultural heritage. For example, asking a colleague of color how they obtained their position might imply that affirmative action played a role, thus questioning their qualifications.
- Source: Interpreting Microaggression as a Determinant of Wellbeing
Micro-Invalidation
- Definition: Involves communications that subtly exclude, negate, or nullify the thoughts, feelings, or experiences of marginalized individuals. An example is if a woman of Color expresses her concerns about racial issues at her university, and a colleague dismisses her feelings by saying, "You're being too sensitive," which invalidates her experiences and emotions.
- Source: A Faculty Woman of Color and Micro-Invalidations at a White Research University
Minority-Serving Institution (MSI)
- Definition: Encompasses a diverse range of colleges and universities that serve high percentages of minority students. These institutions, including Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs), Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs), and Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs), receive federal funding to enhance educational opportunities for minority students. MSIs strive to address the unique challenges faced by minority students and to create environments that support their success and well-being.
- Source: Highlighting the Contributions of Minority Serving Institutions to Neuroscience
Misgendering
- Definition: Refers to using language to describe a transgender person that doesn’t align with their affirmed gender—for example, calling a transgender woman "he" or "him."
- Source: Him, Her, Them, or None: Misgendering and Degendering of Transgender Individuals
Misogyny
- Definition: Misogyny is an intensified form of sexism that seeks to maintain traditional gender roles and limit the autonomy of marginalized genders. It is a primary motivation for right-wing agendas that aim to uphold gender hierarchies.
- Source: Misogyny and Organization Studies
Model Minority
- Definition: The "model minority" myth stereotypes certain ethnic, racial, or religious groups, particularly Asian Americans, as more successful than the general population, which oversimplifies and ignores the diverse experiences and challenges faced by individuals within these groups. For example, the assumption that all Asian students excel in math or come from affluent backgrounds overlooks the economic and educational disparities within the community. This stereotype creates divisions among marginalized groups, perpetuating harmful comparisons and upholding systems of privilege by obscuring the need for support and equity across all communities.
- Source: The Model Minority Myth
Mono-Racial
- Definition: Describes individuals or groups that identify with only one racial identity, as opposed to being multiracial. It often emphasizes a single racial heritage without mixed ancestry.
- Source: Monoracial and Biracial Children: Effects of Racial Identity Saliency on Social Learning and Social Preferences
Movement Building
- Definition: Movement building involves organizing and mobilizing individuals and communities to create systemic change and address injustices. It focuses on engaging power structures, advocating for rights, and fostering collective empowerment. Successful movement building includes proposing solutions, humanizing marginalized groups, and promoting justice, equality, and democracy.
- Source: The Practices of Transformative Movement Building
Multicultural Competency
- Definition: Multicultural competency is the process of developing an understanding and appreciation of different cultures, which enables individuals to effectively interact and ally with people from diverse backgrounds. It involves respect for diverse worldviews and openness to learning from others.
- Source: In Defence of Multiculturalism—Theoretical Challenges
Multi-Ethnic
- Definition: Refers to individuals or groups that identify with more than one ethnic background. This identity acknowledges a blend of cultures and traditions, contributing to a diverse and inclusive community.
- Source: Understanding Multiethnic and Multiracial Experiences Globally
Multiplicity
- Definition: The quality of possessing multiple, simultaneous social identities, such as race, gender, religion, and class. It highlights the complexity of identity and the intersection of different social factors that shape individual experiences.
- Source: Multiplicity: A Theoretical Framework
Multi-Racial
- Definition: Describes individuals or groups composed of more than one racial background. This identity emphasizes the rich diversity and unique perspectives that arise from blending different racial heritages.
- Source: Communicative Correlates of Satisfaction: Family Identity and Growth
N
National Origin
- Definition: The country or nation from which an individual originates, which may differ from their current location or citizenship status. This term acknowledges the diversity of backgrounds and the impact of migration and cultural heritage on individuals' identities.
- Source: Full article: Country-of-Origin Relationship (CoOR): A Relational Approach to Understanding the Association Between a Multinational Company in Crisis and Its Country of Origin (tandfonline.com)
Native American
- Definition: A term commonly used to describe the Indigenous peoples of the United States. It can also refer to the Indigenous peoples of North and South America. Many prefer to identify themselves by their specific tribal affiliations as "Native American" can be seen as a generalization. The term "American Indian" is sometimes used interchangeably but may be considered offensive by some.
- Source: Cultural identity central to Native American persistence in science - PMC (nih.gov)
Neoliberalism
- Definition: An economic and political ideology that emphasizes free-market capitalism, deregulation, and reduction in government spending. Neoliberalism often marginalizes policies aimed at social justice and equity by prioritizing market-driven solutions over community-focused approaches.
- Source: Neoliberalism can reduce well-being by promoting a sense of social disconnection, competition, and loneliness - Becker - 2021 - British Journal of Social Psychology - Wiley Online Library
Neurodiversity
- Definition: A concept that acknowledges neurological differences, such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and other cognitive variations, are natural and valuable forms of human diversity. This perspective recognizes that neurodivergent individuals have unique strengths and challenges and should be accepted and supported rather than pathologized. Neurodiversity is not just a concept but also a movement and framework that advocates for recognizing and respecting these differences, emphasizing the strengths and contributions of neurodivergent individuals, and challenging the traditional medical model that often views these differences solely as disorders or deficits to be cured.
- Source: The Neurodiversity Approach(es): What Are They and What Do They Mean for Researchers? - PMC (nih.gov)
Neurodivergent
- Definition: Neurodivergent refers to individuals whose cognitive functioning diverges from typical neurological patterns. These individuals may experience, interpret, and interact with the world in unique ways that can offer distinct advantages, such as enhanced problem-solving abilities and creativity. Neurodivergent individuals also face specific challenges that require understanding and support. Embracing neurodiversity means valuing these differences and fostering inclusive environments that allow everyone to thrive.
- Source: Neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodiversity: definition of terms from Scotland's National Autism Implementation Team | The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core
Neuroinclusivity
- Definition: The practice of creating environments that support and accommodate individuals with a variety of neurological diversity. It involves implementing inclusive practices in educational, workplace, and social settings that cater to the unique strengths and challenges of neurodiverse individuals. This approach promotes acceptance and reduces stigma, allowing neurodivergent individuals to thrive.
- Source: Unraveling Neurodiversity: Insights from Neuroscientific Perspectives (mdpi.com)
Non-Binary/ Gender Queer
- Definition: An umbrella term for gender identities that do not fit within the traditional categories of male or female. Individuals who identify as non-binary may feel like a mix of both genders, neither gender, or may experience their gender in a different way entirely. This term challenges the conventional binary understanding of gender, recognizing a spectrum of gender experiences and expressions.
- Source: Non-binary and genderqueer: An overview of the field - PMC (nih.gov)
Non-White
- Definition: A term used to describe individuals and groups who do not identify as white, often highlighting the diversity of cultures and identities outside of white cultural norms. It emphasizes that white culture is not the default or normative culture.
- Source: Non-White scientists appear on fewer editorial boards, spend more time under review, and receive fewer citations | PNAS
O
Oppression
- Definition: Oppression is defined as the systematic and pervasive nature of social inequality woven throughout social institutions as well as embedded within individual consciousness. This multifaceted concept is characterized by the dominance of one social group over another, maintained and perpetuated through societal norms, values, and institutional structures. The oppressed group experiences both overt and covert disadvantages, leading to reduced opportunities, social stigmatization, and economic and political marginalization.
- Source: Every Day Matters: Using Daily Methods to Understand Oppression and BIPOC Youth Development in Context - PMC (nih.gov)
Occupational Segregation
- Definition: The division of jobs into categories with distinct working conditions, status, and pay based on characteristics such as race, gender, or ethnicity. This segregation often limits opportunities for marginalized groups to access higher-paying and prestigious positions.
- Source: From_bias_to_exclusion_A_multilevel_emer.pdf (cloudfront.net)
Othering
- Definition: A process through which individuals or groups are defined and labeled as not fitting in within the norms of a social group. This can involve the marginalization or exclusion of people based on characteristics such as race, gender, sexuality, or disability.
- Source: Why Othering should be considered in research on health inequalities: Theoretical perspectives and research needs - PMC (nih.gov)
P
Personal Identity
- Definition: Encompasses our characteristics, history, personality, name, and other traits that make us unique and different from others. It is our individual sense of self that is shaped by our personal experiences and attributes.
- Source: The Role of Social and Personal Identities in Self-Esteem Among Ethnic Minority College Students - PMC (nih.gov)
Phonocentric
- Definition: Refers to the privileging of spoken language over written language or other forms of communication, often marginalizing those who use non-oral modes of communication, such as sign language.
- Source: Listening to Phonocentrism with Deaf Eyes: Derrida’s Mute Philosophy of (Sign) Language (researchgate.net)
Post-Racial
- Definition: A theoretical term describing an environment free from racial preference, discrimination, and prejudice, suggesting a society where race no longer affects individuals' opportunities. However, this notion often obscures ongoing racial inequalities, hindering efforts to address these issues effectively.
- Source: The Concept of Post-Racial: How Its Easy Dismissal Obscures Important Questions on JSTOR
Power
- Definition: In the context of diversity, power refers to the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among individuals or groups globally and in U.S. society. It operates through mechanisms such as wealth, whiteness, citizenship, patriarchy, heterosexism, and education, enabling certain groups to have greater control and influence. Understanding these power dynamics is crucial for fostering progressive social change and addressing inequalities.
- Source: "Re-Hooking” in the Field: Negotiating Power, Privilege, and Whiteness in Qualitative Inquiry - Angela Kraemer-Holland, 2024 (sagepub.com)
Prejudice
- Definition: Prejudice is a pre-judgment or unjustifiable, usually negative, attitude towards an individual or group. These negative attitudes are typically based on unsupported generalizations or stereotypes and deny individuals the right to be recognized and treated as individuals.
- Source: Processes of Prejudice: Theory, Evidence, and Intervention (equalityhumanrights.com)
Privilege
- Definition: Privilege refers to unearned social power accorded by the formal and informal institutions of society to all members of a dominant group. This power provides an advantage over those who do not belong to the dominant group. Individuals who benefit from privilege may not always be aware of it due to societal norms and structures that make such advantages seem ordinary.
- Source: The Concept of Privilege: A Critical Appraisal (marquette.edu)
Pronouns
- Definition: Respecting pronouns is crucial in the context of diversity because it directly acknowledges and validates individuals' gender identities, fostering an environment of inclusion and respect. Using correct pronouns is a fundamental aspect of respecting someone's identity, which helps to affirm their sense of self and dignity. Misusing or disregarding a person's pronouns can cause harm, perpetuate exclusion, and contribute to feelings of marginalization and disrespect.
- Source: Gender Affirmation through Correct Pronoun Usage: Development and Validation of the Transgender Women’s Importance of Pronouns (TW-IP) Scale - PMC (nih.gov)
Q
Queer
- Definition: Embraces a range of genders and sexualities who may not identify with a specific LGBT+ label. It acknowledges the fluidity of gender and sexuality, including people who are not exclusively straight and/or non-binary people. Previously used as a slur, this term is now used by choice and with pride by parts of the LGBTQ+ community.
- Source: HRC Glossary of Terms
R
Race
- Definition: A social construct that artificially categorizes individuals into distinct groups based on characteristics such as physical appearance (e.g., skin color, hair), ancestral heritage, cultural affiliation, or ethnic classification. It reflects the social, economic, and political needs of a society at a specific time. Scientifically, there is no biological or genetic basis for racial categories.
- Source: Updated Guidance on the Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in Medical and Science Journals | Medical Journals and Publishing | JAMA | JAMA Network
Racial Capitalism
- Definition: The concept that capitalism inherently divides workers and exploits labor from communities of color. Racial capitalism ideologically convinces others that certain groups are inferior, enabling systemic extraction and exploitation of marginalized groups. To dismantle capitalism effectively, it is essential to address and eradicate the underlying white supremacy that sustains it.
- Source: Introduction: What Does Racial Capitalism Have to Do With Cities and Communities? - Prentiss Dantzler, Elizabeth Korver-Glenn, Junia Howell, 2022 | Sage Journals
Racial Equity
- Definition: It involves addressing the root causes of racial inequities, eliminating policies and practices that perpetuate differential outcomes, and creating systems that support fair treatment and opportunities for all racial groups.
- Source: Critical Race Theory, Race Equity, and Public Health: Toward Antiracism Praxis - PMC | NIH
Racial Gaslighting
- Definition: The act of undermining or dismissing the racial experiences and realities of people of color, causing them to doubt their own perceptions and experiences of racism.
- Source: Racelighting - Racelighting is an act of psychological manipulation where Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) receive racial messages that distort their realities and lead them to second-guess themselves.
Racial Inequity
- Definition: Occurs when two or more racial groups do not stand on approximately equal footing regarding key indicators such as dropout rates, home ownership, and access to healthcare.
- Source: Racism and Racial Equity in Higher Education: AEHE Volume 42, Number 1 - Samuel D. Museus, María C. Ledesma, Tara L. Parker - Google Books
Racial Profiling
- Definition: The practice of using race or ethnicity as a basis for suspecting someone of committing a crime. This often leads to discriminatory practices and unequal treatment.
- Source: Racial Profiling: Research, Racism, and Resistance - Karen S. Glover - Google Books
Racial Reconciliation
- Definition: Involves recognizing systemic and institutional racism and its effects on political engagement and economic opportunities. It focuses on empowering communities through relationship-building, truth-telling, and restorative justice to address historical injustices.
- Source: The Price of Racial Reconciliation - Ronald Walters - Google Books
Racial Trauma
- Definition: Stress or trauma resulting from experiences of racial harassment, violence, or institutional racism. It can arise from significant incidents such as hate crimes or the cumulative impact of microaggressions and ongoing discrimination.
- Source: APA PsycNet FullTextHTML page
Racialization
- Definition: The process through which groups are designated as a particular "race" and subjected to differential treatment based on that racial designation. This process often renders the racialization of white people as normative and invisible, perpetuating racial hierarchies.
- Source: Exploring the mechanisms of racialization beyond the black–white binary (tandfonline.com)
Racism
- Definition: On an individual level, racism manifests as biases, prejudices, and discriminatory behaviors based on race or ethnicity. These attitudes can be conscious or unconscious, leading to unfair treatment or the perpetuation of stereotypes. The personal and systemic aspects of racism are interconnected; individual biases contribute to and are reinforced by systemic structures. For instance, personal prejudices can affect hiring decisions, which, when widespread, lead to systemic disparities in employment for marginalized groups.
- Source: The Four Personae of Racism: Educators' Misunderstanding of Individual Vs. Systemic Racism (researchgate.net)
Racist Nativism
- Definition: Racist nativism involves the perception that native-born individuals are superior to immigrants. This belief system promotes the exclusion and marginalization of immigrant communities based on the idea that they are inherently inferior to those born in the dominant culture.
- Source: Racist nativism in academic medicine: an analysis of Latinx faculty experiences (tandfonline.com)
Religion
- Definition: A system of beliefs, often spiritual, that may be formalized within organized denominations. This includes diverse religious practices and ideologies.
- Source: 145guthrie.pdf (eccser.org)
Resilience
- Definition: Resilience is the ability to adapt and recover from adversity, stress, or challenges. It involves a dynamic process that enables individuals to cope, rebound, and grow stronger after setbacks. Resilience is not just a personal trait but a complex interplay of individual, relational, and environmental factors that support recovery and growth.
- Source: The Resilience Journal: Exploring the Potential of Journal Interventions to Promote Resilience in University Students (frontiersin.org)
Reparations
- Definition: Initiatives aimed at acknowledging and addressing widespread or systematic human rights violations. Reparations may involve compensating victims, providing rehabilitation, and addressing the root causes of abuse to affirm the rights of victims and support their recovery.
- Source: De Greiff paper.pdf (archive.org)
Restorative Justice
- Definition: Restorative justice is an approach that focuses on addressing the harm caused by conflicts or transgressions through inclusive processes that engage all involved parties. It emphasizes accountability, making amends, and facilitating dialogue to promote healing and reconciliation. This approach seeks to address the needs of those affected, fostering trust and cooperation within the community rather than focusing solely on punishment.
- Source: Restorative Justice and Student Development in Higher Education (msudenver.edu)
Rainbow Flag
- Definition: Designed in 1978 by Gilbert Baker, the Rainbow Flag symbolizes the diversity within the LGBTQIA2S+ community. It is recognized by the International Flag Makers Association as the official flag of the LGBTQIA2S+ civil rights movement.
- Source: History of the Rainbow Flag – These Colors Run Deep (emory.edu)
Saliency
- Definition: The prominence of a group identity in an individual's life, where it becomes a significant part of their daily interactions and self-awareness.
- Source: art12.1.13_2.pdf (uiowa.edu)
S
Scapegoating
- Definition: Blaming an individual or group for problems not caused by them, often due to their identity.
- Source: Shifting Punishment onto Minorities: Experimental Evidence of Scapegoating | The Economic Journal | Oxford Academic (oup.com)
Servingness
- Definition: Refers to the practices and commitments of Minority-Serving Institutions (MSIs), like Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs), that actively support and empower their diverse student populations. It involves implementing culturally responsive practices, providing holistic support, and integrating students' cultural backgrounds into the academic and social fabric of the institution.
- Source: Defining “Servingness” at Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) - Race and Ethnicity in Higher Education (equityinhighered.org)
Sex
- Definition: A biological classification of male, female, or intersex based on genetic, hormonal, and physiological features; distinct from gender.
- Source: Intersex Studies: A Systematic Review of International Health Literature - Tiffany Jones, 2018 (sagepub.com)
Sexism
- Definition: Prejudiced thoughts and discriminatory actions based on a person's sex or gender.
- Source: Benevolent and hostile sexism in a shifting global context - PMC (nih.gov)
Sexual Orientation
- Definition: The enduring physical, romantic, and/or emotional attraction toward other people, or lack thereof. It encompasses identities such as heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, and asexuality, among others. Sexual orientation is a fundamental aspect of human nature, shaped by a complex interplay of biological, genetic, and environmental factors.
- Source: Full article: The causes of human sexual orientation (tandfonline.com)
Social Identity
- Definition: How one characterizes oneself and relates to others based on group affiliations, behaviors, and values learned from social contexts.
- Source: Social Identity Theory and the Organization on JSTOR
Social Justice
- Definition: Actions intended to create genuine equality, fairness, and respect among all individuals.
- Source: Social and Racial Justice as Fundamental Goals for the Field of Human Development - PMC (nih.gov)
Social Oppression
- Definition: Systematic exploitation and mistreatment of one social group by another for the benefit of the oppressor.
- Source: Social Identities and Systems of Oppression | National Museum of African American History and Culture
Stereotype
- Definition: Oversimplified and fixed ideas about a group that lead to prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behavior.
- Source: Spencer 2018 Stereotype Threat.pdf (edmeasurement.net)
Structural Racialization
- Definition: Structural racialization refers to the ongoing, dynamic processes that create and perpetuate systemic inequalities based on race. These processes shape interactions between individuals and reflect underlying, often invisible, structures that lead to unequal outcomes. The effects of structural racialization are evident in consistent disparities in areas such as educational attainment, economic status, and life expectancy across different racial groups.
- Source: PLF-STAR.pdf (projectlinkedfate.org)
Structural Racism
- Definition: Structural racism refers to the normalization and legitimization of various dynamics—historical, cultural, institutional, and interpersonal—that systematically advantage certain racial groups while causing chronic adverse outcomes for others. It permeates all aspects of society, including history, culture, politics, economics, and the social fabric. Unlike racism in specific institutions, structural racism is sustained through the interconnected effects of multiple institutions and cultural norms, continually reproducing both old and new forms of racism.
- Source: Definitions of Racism.pdf (intergroupresources.com)
System of Oppression
- Definition: Organized, systemic, and pervasive discrimination, harassment, and exploitation based on group identities.
- Source: The Impact of Interlocking Systems of Oppression on the Leadership (clemson.edu)
Systemic Racism
- Definition: Systemic racism is an interconnected system of racism operating at individual, institutional, and structural levels. These levels function in a lockstep model, collectively forming a comprehensive system of racism:
- Individual: Within interactions between people.
- Institutional: Within institutions and systems of power.
- Structural or Societal: Among institutions and across society.
- Source: 11 Terms You Should Know to Better Understand Structural Racism - The Aspen Institute
T
Targeted Universalism
- Definition: A framework that sets universal goals pursued by targeted strategies tailored to the unique needs and circumstances of different groups to achieve those goals. It acknowledges and addresses structural disparities to achieve equity.
- Source: Targeted Universalism | Othering & Belonging Institute (berkeley.edu)
Third Space
- Definition: In higher education, "Third Space" refers to cultural spaces that blend academic and social dimensions, creating environments where diverse perspectives converge. These spaces promote inclusivity, collaboration, and the integration of academic knowledge with real-world experiences. They facilitate the creation of innovative and holistic educational experiences by fostering critical engagement and mutual understanding among students, faculty, and staff from varied backgrounds.
- Source: Full article: Thinking beyond the third space (tandfonline.com)
Tolerance
- Definition: Acceptance and open-mindedness toward different practices, attitudes, and cultures, without necessarily agreeing with them. However, tolerance, as a concept, is often seen as insufficient for social justice and multicultural education. While it acknowledges diversity, it does not actively engage in addressing systemic inequalities or fostering genuine inclusivity. Tolerance can imply a passive acceptance that does not challenge the status quo or promote deeper understanding and respect for all individuals.
- Source: PFLAG National Glossary of Terms, June 2022 (aspeninstitute.org)
Tokenism
- Definition: Tokenism is the practice of making a superficial or symbolic effort to be inclusive, often by including a small number of underrepresented individuals to appear diverse while maintaining a monocultural environment. This approach gives the illusion of diversity without granting actual power or influence to those included.
- Source: Understanding Tokenism: Antecedents and Consequences (researchgate.net)
Transgender/Trans
- Definition: An umbrella term for people whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. This term includes but is not limited to individuals who may identify as transsexual, genderqueer, gender non-conforming, or non-binary.
- Source: Review of the Transgender Literature (liebertpub.com)
Trans Misogyny
- Definition: Negative attitudes and discrimination directed specifically at trans women and transfeminine people, often involving cultural hatred, violence, and exclusion.
- Source: Spilling the T on Trans-Misogyny and Microaggressions (nih.gov)
Transformative Justice (TJ)
- Definition: A political framework and approach for responding to violence and harm without creating more violence, focusing on harm reduction and restorative practices. It avoids reliance on state mechanisms and seeks to address the root causes of violence through community-based responses.
- Source: Nocella_2011.pdf (antoniocasella.eu)
Transphobia
- Definition: The fear, hatred, or discomfort towards transgender people, often resulting in discrimination, harassment, and violence. This can exist within both LGBTQIA2S+ and heterosexual communities.
- Source: Peer Reviewed: Silverchair
Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs)
- Definition: Institutions of higher education that are chartered by Native American tribes. TCUs are dedicated to serving the educational needs of Native American communities by providing culturally relevant curricula and support services. Beyond enrollment numbers, TCUs focus on preserving and revitalizing Indigenous languages and cultures, promoting tribal sovereignty, and addressing the specific challenges faced by Native American students.
- Source: Peer Reviewed: University of Michigan
Tribal Sovereignty
- Definition: The inherent authority of Indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the United States. This sovereignty is recognized in federal law and allows tribes to establish their own government, laws, and justice systems.
- Source: Peer Reviewed: Harvard
Two Spirit
- Definition: A term used by some Indigenous North American cultures to describe a person who embodies both masculine and feminine spirits. This term reflects traditional understandings of gender and sexuality that predate colonial influences and are distinct from contemporary LGBTQIA2S+ identities.
- Source: Peer Reviewed: Taylor & Francis Online
U
Unconscious Bias (Implicit Bias)
- Definition: Social stereotypes about certain groups of people that individuals form outside their own conscious awareness. Everyone holds unconscious beliefs about various social and identity groups, and these biases stem from one’s tendency to organize social worlds by categorizing.
- Source: Peer Reviewed: BMC Psychology
Underrepresented
- Definition: Refers to groups or communities that have insufficient representation or participation in specific areas, such as education, leadership, or employment, relative to their proportion in the broader population. This term underscores the systemic barriers that restrict equitable access and opportunities for these groups.
- Source: Peer Reviewed: International Journal of STEM Education
Underserved
- Definition: Describes populations or communities that lack adequate access to essential resources, services, and opportunities, such as healthcare, education, and economic support. These groups often face systemic barriers that hinder their ability to thrive and fully participate in society.
- Source: Peer Reviewed: Taylor & Francis Online
Undocumented/ Undocumented Students
- Definition: A student born outside the United States who resides in the country without legal citizenship or residency status. These students may have entered through various means without inspection, involuntarily, or by overstaying visas. They face unique legal uncertainties and barriers in the educational system, such as limited access to financial aid, scholarships, and in-state tuition.
- Source: Peer Reviewed: UCLA
Universal Design
- Definition: A framework for designing educational environments that accommodate the widest possible range of abilities and learning styles, ensuring accessibility and inclusivity for all students.
- Source: Centre for Excellence in Universal Design
V
Veteran/ Veteran Student
- Definition: An individual who has served in a nation's armed forces (or other uniformed service). Veterans often bring valuable experiences and perspectives but may also face challenges related to reintegration into civilian life, adjusting to academic life, and accessing veteran-specific resources.
- Source: Student Service Members/Veterans on Campus: Challenges for Reintegration
Visibility
- Definition: The degree to which individuals or groups are recognized and acknowledged in various contexts, such as media representation, workplace presence, and societal participation.
- Source: Student Affairs’s Voice, Visibility, and Relevance in Higher Education Administration
Voice
- Definition: The representation and inclusion of diverse perspectives and experiences in decision-making processes, ensuring that marginalized groups have a say in matters that affect them.
- Source: Student Voice in Higher Education: The Importance of Distinguishing Student Representation and Student Partnership
Vulnerable Populations
- Definition: Groups or communities at greater risk of experiencing discrimination, marginalization, or harm due to systemic inequalities. These populations often include, but are not limited to, racial and ethnic minorities, LGBTQ+ individuals, people with disabilities, migrants, and low-income individuals. Prioritizing their needs and voices in DEI efforts is essential to ensure equitable outcomes.
- Source: Gaining Insights Into the Education of Vulnerable Students: Services in Schools and Beyond
W
Wellness
- Definition: A holistic approach to health that includes physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being. It involves active efforts to improve overall health through balanced lifestyle choices, including nutrition, exercise, stress management, and meaningful relationships. Wellness emphasizes the integration of various aspects of health to achieve optimal functioning and fulfillment in life.
- Source: Dimensions of Wellness: Change Your Habits, Change Your Life
Whiteness
- Definition: Whiteness is a social construct that refers to the specific dimensions of racial identity that create and maintain advantages for individuals identified as white. This construct encompasses a range of practices, beliefs, values, and norms that are considered standard and beneficial primarily to white people. Whiteness is not just about individual behaviors but includes broader systemic processes that shape and elevate white identities collectively and individually. It operates continuously at societal, institutional, and individual levels, often marginalizing other racial groups by setting norms that favor white experiences and perspectives.
- Source: On Whiteness Studies: Hope and Futurity
White Fragility
- Definition: The discomfort and defensiveness exhibited by some white individuals when confronted with information about racial inequality and injustice. This fragility often manifests in emotions such as anger, fear, and guilt, and behaviors like argumentation, silence, and leaving the stress-inducing situation.
- Source: White Fragility - UNCG
White Nationalism
- Definition: A movement based on the belief in biologically determined racial hierarchies, often aiming to establish an all-white nation. It includes the "Great Replacement" conspiracy and has influenced policies like immigration enforcement and voter suppression.
- Source: The Psychology of White Nationalism: Ambivalence Towards a Changing America
White Privilege
- Definition: White privilege refers to the unearned advantages and benefits bestowed on individuals solely because they are white. It encompasses systemic and structural elements that create and sustain racial advantages and disadvantages, often making these disparities appear normal. This privilege manifests across various levels—individual, interpersonal, cultural, and institutional—affording some white individuals greater access to resources and opportunities while marginalizing people of color.
- Source: White Privilege - Paula S. Rothenberg
White Supremacy
- Definition: A historically rooted system of exploitation and oppression of people of color by those of European descent, maintained to uphold a system of wealth, power, and privilege for white people. It extends beyond extremist groups to include institutional and cultural norms that perpetuate racial hierarchies.
- Source: The Legal Foundations of White Supremacy
Worldview
- Definition: The perspective through which individuals view the world, shaped by their history, experiences, culture, family history, and other influences.
- Source: Worldviews: Overarching Concept, Discrete Body of Knowledge or Paradigmatic Tool?
X
Xenophobia
- Definition: Xenophobia encompasses any attitude, behavior, practice, or policy that reflects the belief that immigrants are inferior to the dominant group. This phenomenon manifests at interpersonal, institutional, and systemic levels and is closely tied to White supremacy. Xenophobia results in the exclusion and marginalization of immigrant communities.
- Source: Measuring Structural Xenophobia: US State Immigration Policy Climates Over Ten Years